Sodium alginate is a neutral salt in which the carboxyl groups of alginate are bonded with a sodium ion. Alginic acid is not soluble in water but sodium alginate is soluble in both cold and hot water to produce a smooth viscous solution.
When calcium ions are added to a sodium alginate solution, calcium ions react instantly with alginate to form a gel.
The time taken to form a gel can be controlled by controlling the calcium ions.
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